RIGHT COMBINATIONS

In practice the four boundary-spanning tactics are closely integrated, as leaders can use different combinations for different situations. This is demonstrated by the example of Ong Keng Yong, former secretary-general of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).

Comprising Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam, ASEAN is an association of nation-states that have vastly differing economic and political statuses and are home to more than 500 million people. The leadership challenge and opportunity faced by Ong was in working across the various cultural and political differences represented in ASEAN while moving the group toward regional integration.

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