Chapter Summary
The purpose of the STP, standardized as IEEE 802.1d, is to prevent loops in bridged or switched networks with redundant links. Bridges or switch ports configured for STP are in one of five different states: blocking, listening, learning, forwarding, and disabled.
Blocking— The port will not send or receive any data traffic across the network segment, but will listen to STP BPDU messages. When a switch or bridge running STP is powered on, all ports are in a blocking state. The port is in the blocking state for 20 seconds before transitioning to the listening state.
Listening— The port is listening to spanning-tree messages in the form of BPDUs and is determining how the network topology is configured. While in the listening state, ...
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