CHAPTER 2 THE LANGUAGE OF FIRST-ORDER LOGIC
Before any system aspiring to intelligence can even begin to reason, learn, plan, or explain its behavior, it must be able to formulate the ideas involved. You will not be able to learn something about the world around you, for example, if it is beyond you to even express what that thing is. So we need to start with a language of some sort, in terms of which knowledge can be formulated. In this chapter, we will examine in detail one specific language that can be used for this purpose: the language of first-order logic. FOL is not the only choice, but is a simple and convenient one to begin with.
2.1 INTRODUCTION
What does it mean to “have” a language? Once we have a set of words or a set of symbols ...
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