Java™ How To Program (Early Objects), Tenth Edition

Initialization Phase: Initializing Variables total and gradeCounter

The assignments (in lines 13–14) initialize total to 0 and gradeCounter to 1. These initializations occur before the variables are used in calculations.

Common Programming Error 4.3

Using the value of a local variable before it’s initialized results in a compilation error. All local variables must be initialized before their values are used in expressions.

Error-Prevention Tip 4.3

Initialize each total and counter, either in its declaration or in an assignment statement. ...