Java™ Data Objects

3.3. JDO environments

JDO is intended for use in two specific architectural spaces. The most straightforward environment is one in which an application directly invokes the services of an implementation. Our simple BusinessPartner example from Chapter 2 works in this way. This is the so-called non-managed environment.

The second environment is that in which the persistence functions of a persistence manager are invoked by application components running within a J2EE application server. This more complicated environment requires that vendors integrate their JDO implementations with the J2EE transaction and connector architectures. This is the so-called managed environment.

3.3.1. Non-managed environment

In the non-managed environment, an application ...