JavaScript: The Definitive Guide, 5th Edition

Chapter 5. Expressions and Operators

This chapter explains how expressions and operators work in JavaScript. If you are familiar with C, C++, or Java, you’ll notice that the expressions and operators in JavaScript are very similar, and you’ll be able to skim this chapter quickly. If you are not a C, C++, or Java programmer, this chapter tells you everything you need to know about expressions and operators in JavaScript.

Expressions

An expression is a phrase of JavaScript that a JavaScript interpreter can evaluate to produce a value. The simplest expressions are literals or variable names, like these:

1.7                       // A numeric literal
"JavaScript is fun!"      // A string literal
true                      // A boolean literal
null                      // The literal null value
/java/                    // A regular-expression literal
{ x:2, y:2 }              // An object literal
[2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19]     // An array literal
function(x) {return x*x;} // A function literal
i                         // The variable i
sum                       // The variable sum

The value of a literal expression is simply the literal value itself. The value of a variable expression is the value that the variable contains or refers to.

These expressions are not particularly interesting. More complex (and interesting) expressions can be created by combining simple expressions. For example, the previous examples show that 1.7 is an expression and i is an expression. The following is also an expression:

i + 1.7

The value of this expression is determined by adding the values of the two simpler expressions. The + in this example is an