Java Cookbook

Chapter 23. Packages and Packaging

Introduction

One of the better aspects of the Java language is that it has defined a very clear packaging mechanism for categorizing and managing the external API. Contrast this with a language like C, where external symbols may be found in the C library itself or in any of dozens of other libraries, with no clearly defined naming conventions.^[54] APIs consist of one or more packages; packages consist of classes; classes consist of methods and fields. Anybody can create a package, with one important restriction: you or I cannot create a package whose name begins with the four letters java. Packages named java. or javax. are reserved for use by Sun Microsystems’ Java developers. When Java was new, there were about a dozen packages in a structure that is very much still with us; some of these are shown in Table 23-1.

Table 23-1. Java packages basic structure

Name	Function
java.applet	Applets for browser use
java.awt	Graphical User Interface
java.lang	Intrinsic classes (strings, etc.)
java.net	Networking (sockets)
java.io	Reading and writing
java.util	Utilities (collections, date)

Many packages have since been added, but the initial structure has stood the test of time fairly well. In this chapter I show you how to create and document your own packages, and then discuss a number of issues related to deploying your package in various ways on various platforms.

^[54] This is not strictly true. On Unix, at least, ...