Appendix 5: Symmetrical components in unbalanced three-phase systems

Modern technique in the calculation of system fault conditions demands a knowledge of the theory of symmetrical components and the phase sequence characteristics of the individual parts of the system. It would be out of place here to deal with symmetrical components as extensively as the subject demands. As transformers are involved in system fault calculations, a very brief study of the application of the theory to the phasor analysis of unbalanced three-phase systems may quite properly be given, and such is therefore presented in what follows. A consideration of phase sequence characteristics of transformers subsequently appears.

When a short-circuit fault occurs in a three-phase ...

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