12.1. Classification of Computing Systems

The early development of computing hardware produced many one-of-a-kind designs that would certainly be difficult to classify for modern contexts. We mentioned the von Neumann and Harvard architectural treatments of memory as one very early design difference that still echoes today. More recently, the antipodal CISC and RISC design difference has provided another criterion for classification.

The inclusion of multiple processors has become standard in server systems and high-end workstations, and that feature has long roots in attempted classifications. In 1972, Flynn defined a problem as a stream (or sequence) of requests for service (or resources). A stream of requests can be specified as a program. ...

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