9.1. File Systems
Early operating systems had file systems that minimally extended a level of organization specified by a tray of punched cards or a reel of magnetic tape. The advent of disk-oriented operating systems (such as CP/M) introduced support for subdirectories and consistent, if limited, conventions for naming files stored on disk. Current operating systems build on those disk-oriented principles, adding features such as long file names of mixed case. These systems also provide graphical ways to view the catalogue of files by directory and subdirectory (also known as folders).
Operating systems intended for shared use extend these concepts with some means of designating individual and/or group “ownership” of directories and files, typically ...
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