On Being Human

What is it that makes us humans human? What are the genetic changes that have made us a species that looks up at the stars and sees future colonies instead of pagan gods, that spends its free time picking out friends on Facebook instead of picking at gnats on friends, and that thrives in the jungles of Manhattan as ably as it roams the African savannah?

Surely we should have some answers by now. If we compare the blueprints of a Porsche Boxster and a Honda Civic side by side, it is immediately apparent how they come to differ. Similarly, you might think that if we align the genomes of a human and a chimpanzee, it ought to be straightforward to stitch together the evolutionary path that leads to Homo sapiens sapiens.

Superficially, ...

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