Introduction to Hybrid Vehicle System Modeling and Control

Nomenclature

Ad	Air mass density
AH/C	Heating/cooling surface area between battery pack and heating/cooling channel
Ah	Ampere-hour
Ca	Air density correction coefficient for altitude
CapBOL	Battery Ah capacity at beginning of life
CapEOL	Designed battery Ah capacity at end of life
	Battery life cost weight factor
Cc	Specific heat of coolant
Cd	Vehicle aerodynamic drag coefficient
Cds	Source-to-drain capacitance of MOSFET
Cdiff	Diffusion capacitance of second-order electrical circuit battery model
Cdl	Double-layer capacitance of the first order and second-order electrical circuit battery model
Cdyn	Dynamic capacitance of battery electrical circuit model
Cele	Electric power cost weight factor
	Imbalanced energy cost weight factor
Cess	Specific heat of battery system
Cfuel	Fuel cost weight factor
Cgd	Parasitic capacitance from gate to drain of MOSFET
Cgs	Parasitic capacitance from gate to source of MOSFET
D	Duty cycle of PWM control method
Dcf	Distance between center of gravity and front wheel of vehicle
Dcr	Distance between center of gravity and rear wheel of vehicle
Ea	Back electromotive force
Ea	Activation energy of battery
F	Faraday constant, number of Coulombs per mole of electrons (9.6485309 × 104 C · mol−1)
Fa	Frontal area of vehicle ...