Interactive Displays: Natural Human-Interface Technologies

Chapter 8Eye Gaze Tracking

Heiko Drewes

LFE Medieninformatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany

8.1 Introduction and Motivation

The amount of our interaction with computer devices increases steadily. Therefore, research in the field of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) looks for interaction methods which are more efficient, more intuitive, and easier. “Efficiency” means that we can do our interaction as quick as possible. We also try to avoid lectures or training for being able to operate computer devices, which means we like to have intuitive interfaces. Finally, we dislike efforts, either physical or mental. We expect that our interaction with a device should be easy.

Traditional interaction devices, such as mouse and keyboard, can cause physical injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome if used extensively. Keyboard and mouse are also not very practical in a mobile context – and finally, we always look for alternatives or even something better. Using our gaze for computer interaction seems to be a promising idea. The eyes are quick and we move them intuitively and with ease, and therefore eye gaze interaction would fulfill all criteria given above.

In addition, eye trackers could be manufactured at low cost if produced in big quantities. A minimal eye tracker consists of a video camera, an LED, a processor and software. In a smart device, such as smart phones, tablets, laptops and even some new TV sets, all these components are already present but, even if produced ...