13.1. Introduction to Java Card

Java Card technology enables programs written in the Java programming language to run in smart cards and other memory-constrained devices. Java Card technology is widely deployed in many industry sectors, including mobile cellular handsets, health care identity cards, and financial services. Java Card technology consists of three components:

  1. The Java Card Virtual Machine (JCVM) specification [126] defines a subset of the Java programming language and virtual machine specifications that is suitable for smart card applications.

  2. The Java Card Runtime Environment (JCRE) specification [125] describes Java Card runtime environment behavior: memory management, application management, security enforcement, and other runtime ...

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