ICMP echo request

Internet Control Message Protocol echo request message message, or ping, is a computer network administration tool used to test the reachability of a host on an IP network. Ping operates by sending Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets to the target host and waiting for an ICMP echo reply. 

Say, you look at a ping packet that is the result of a command such as ping 192.168.179.131:

You might notice that payload or data part of a ping packet is an arbitrary string. The data part has no particular purpose other than the padding of the packet to a particular size. As a side note, different implementations ...

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