9.9. Types of Disk Bottlenecks

As with other types of bottlenecks, the four types are:

  • Saturation— indicated by 100% disk utilization on one or more disks

  • Queue— indicated by large per-disk queues sustained over time or a high percentage of processes blocked on disk, cache, or inode

  • Starvation— less than 100% CPU utilization, and memory bottlenecks

  • User satisfaction— poor transaction response time

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