CHAPTER 13

INNOVATION

A few thoughts on innovation to science and engineering graduate students who, as employees with technical backgrounds, will have tremendous expectations placed on them by employers striving for improved performance.

Innovation is now part of the vocabulary of scholars, industrialists, and government leaders. While many definitions of innovation have been proposed, there is no universally accepted definition. Innovation, for our purposes, is the translation of an invention or an idea into a product or service to the marketplace. Or, a more pragmatic formulation: Innovation is anything that generates cash flow.

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