Chapter 4

Link circuits and architecture

This chapter describes the physical layer link circuits and architecture used in both sides of the channel, commonly referred to as transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), or transceiver as a whole. These building blocks are mixed-signal circuits in nature. A transmitter converts a digital data stream from the system agent (SA) to high-speed analog signals, whereas a receiver recovers data and the clock, converts analog data back to a digital data stream, and then sends it to the system agent on the receiver side.

Keywords

circuits; receiver; transmitter; high-speed I/O; continuous-time linear equalization; decision feedback equalization; clock and data recovery; PCI Express

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