Appendix 2

Dimensionless Numbers of Relevance in Aerospace Heat Transfer

Biot number,

Bi = \frac{hL}{k_{solid}} = \frac{Conductive resistance in solid}{Convective resistance in the thermal boundary layer}

Bond number,

Bo = \frac{(ρ_{l} - ρ_{v}) {gL}^{2}}{σ} = \frac{Body force}{Surface tension}

Capillary number,

Ca = \frac{We}{Re} = \frac{Uμ}{σ} = \frac{Weber number}{Reynolds number}

Eckert number,

Ec = \frac{U^{2}}{c_{p} ΔT} = \frac{Kinetic energy in the flow}{Enthalpy difference in the boundary layer}

Fourier number,

Fo = \frac{ατ}{L^{2}} = \frac{Rate of heat conduction}{Rate of thermal energy stored}

Galilei number,

Ga = \frac{{gL}^{3}}{ν^{2}}

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Heat Transfer in Aerospace Applications by Bengt Sundén, Juan Fu