Heat and Thermodynamics

13.7 Boltzmann's Relation Between Entropy and Probability

Before deducing the relation, let us consider the actual situation. We know from kinetic theory that the gas as a whole has a particular pressure and temperature as a macroscopic state. But, the constituent molecules of the gas behaving as a microscopic state are in incessant motion colliding with each other and the wall has negligible volume and intermolecular force in actual gas. But, all such characteristics make the microscopic state constant. At a particular instant, the gas as a whole has a constant temperature and pressure as macroscopic state. This process involves, naturally, an increase in the number of possible microscopic states. It is, thus, evident that an equilibrium macroscopic ...