Preface
Haskell is an elegant language. It allows us to express in code exactly what we mean, in a clean and compact style. The nice features, including referential transparency and call-by-need evaluation, not only help the programmer be more efficient, but also help Haskell compilers to optimize programs in ways that are otherwise plain impossible. For example, the garbage collector of GHC is notoriously fast, not least thanks to its ability to exploit the immutability of Haskell values.
Unfortunately, high expressivity is a double-edged sword. Reasoning the exact order of evaluation in Haskell programs is, in general, not an easy task. A lack of understanding of the lazy call-by-need evaluation in Haskell will for sure lead the programmer to ...
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