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How ls displays different binaries

A screenshot of Fedora 27 (x86_64) showing the pretty colors ls -l displays when displaying different binary executable types:

What exactly are these binaries? Let's list just that, in the order they're displayed above:

dumpcap: a file capabilities binary executable
passwd: a setuid-root binary executable
ping: a file capabilities binary executable
write: a setgid-tty binary executable

Note: The precise meaning and coloring can certainly vary across Linux distributions; the output shown is from a Fedora 27 x86_64 system.

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