CloudWatch Logs are the log aggregation components of the CloudWatch suite. Each logical log unit is called a log group. Every log group has a collection of events that are emitted by the service that generates them. Each log group can be filtered to search for a particular line item. This is especially useful for tracking down production bugs.
A Lambda function's execution output captured via the context.getLogger().log() method is pushed to the log group of that function. You can check the invocation state by searching and filtering in the log group.