Green Materials for Electronics

Chapter 3Biocompatible Circuits for Human–Machine Interfacing

Erik O. Gabrielsson, Daniel T. Simon and Magnus Berggren

Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Bredgatan 33, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden

3.1 Introduction

Luigi Galvani is considered to be the pioneer with respect to the study of and early experiments in bioelectricity. In the 1780s, he discovered that detached leg muscles from dead frogs could be stimulated to twitch by electric potentials generated from metal electrodes. Since then, the constant advancement of technology and our understanding of human physiology and neuroscience have spurred the development of devices, implants, and techniques, such as pacemakers and deep-brain ...