CHAPTER FOUR

STATE MAKING, NATION BUILDING, AND CITIZENSHIP

National or territorial states have become an almost universal phenomenon. As we saw in the previous chapter, the entire globe is carved up in territorial states that are generally smaller than empires and larger than city-states (of which there are not many left). But while states may have structured their territories in comparable ways (see previous chapters), they are very different in how they function, and this becomes especially apparent in Chapters 9 to 12 of this book. Meanwhile, it is actually possible to “see” differences between states even when only visible as “lines in the sand.” In their recent study on the influence of the interplay between political and economic institutions ...

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