Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines

CHAPTER 11

² For measurement of discharge in internal flows, we may use any method discussed in section 11.2. For example, an orifice plate may be fixed in the pipe carrying water from turbine to the tank with a U tube manometer filled with mercury and connected to the tapings in the orifice plate. Discharge is obtained from the relation Q = π/4 (d/100)² × Cd × √{2g (ρm/ρ − 1)}√(h_m/100) = K √h_m; h_m is difference of height of liquid column in two limbs of the manometer, in cm, d is pipe diameter in m and Cd is the coefficient of discharge. It is good practice to put constant K in normalised way. That is if K = .000012 then it should be written as 1.2 × 10^–5; or to put in this form such that the numbers in the related column are in normalised ...