6.1 INTRODUCTION
Many practical problems can be modelled by employing one-dimensional finite elements (also referred to as line elements). The one-dimensional discretization can give good results when the primary unknown quantity (i.e., unknown continuous field to be modelled) vary mainly in one direction and remains constant in the other two dimensions. Typical examples of situations, where the one-dimensional analysis may be adequate, are framed (skeletal) structures subjected to external forces; torsion of circular shafts; flow through pipes, seepage through narrow, confined soil mass; heat conduction across a fire wall; flow analysis in channels etc. When FEM is employed for one-dimensional analysis, 2-node elements are used extensively. ...
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