Appendix A. Classification of Bugs
This appendix details the bug classifications used in this book. Appendix B, “Index of Bugs by Type,” allows you to quickly find all the bugs of a particular type. (Ideally, you should only consult Appendix B after the problems are solved because knowing the type of bug in a particular example makes it easier to find.) Because of the imprecise nature of the bug classification, there is some overlap. In many situations, a particular bug can be classified in several different ways.
When talking about bugs, there are really three types—failures, faults, and errors:
A failure is visible to the end user of a program. For example, the program is supposed to print a one and instead prints a zero.
A fault is the underlying ...
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