Introduction

An excerpt from an interview with a manager:

Q: How do you know you are doing well?

A: A secretary told me my supervisor said I was doing just fine.

Feedback is a rare commodity in day-to-day organizational life, but it is a key to ongoing effectiveness. One popular vehicle for getting feedback from one's boss, peers, subordinates, and customers is the multiple-perspective or 360-degree feedback instrument. Whether part of a management-development course or used alone, this kind of instrument can enhance self-awareness by highlighting individual strengths and can facilitate greater growth by pointing out areas in need of further development.

Organizations and individual managers rely heavily on 360-degree feedback as a means ...

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