Consoles and Logs

Consoles and logs are particularly valuable resources for information about the inner workings of the system. They can act as an early warning system, alerting you to error conditions that have not yet shown up in more obvious ways. They can also give you insight into the functioning of an application, since they typically reflect the most important activities in the system. Finally, they can help you discover the structure of the application even if you don’t know what all the moving parts are.

For example, when I am testing a web application, I keep an eye on the JavaScript console, the web server log, and the application log. I am watching for anything surprising or out of place. When I am working on a UNIX-based system ...

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