An Applied Example from Costello & Osborne

Although the data from Guadagnoli & Velicer (1988) is illuminating, one frustration is the unrealistically clean nature of the data. Real data is messier. Costello & Osborne (2005) aimed to extend Guadagnoli & Velicer’s (1988) findings by replacing the artificial data with real data. They used data similar to that used for the second example in the previous chapter—students who completed Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire (SDQ II; Marsh, 1990) in the NELS 88 data set (Curtin, Ingels, Wu, & Heuer, 2002).[2]
Costello & Osborne (2005) drew samples (with replacement between samplings), extracting 20 samples of sizes ranging from 2:1, 5:1, 10:1, and 20:1 subject to item ratios (creating sample sizes ...

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