Essentials of Vehicle Dynamics

List of Symbols

a distance CoG—front axle

a half tire contact length

a_e, b_e, c_e elliptic cam parameters

a_x longitudinal acceleration

a_y lateral acceleration

b distance CoG—rear axle

b half tire contact width

c stiffness

c_bx, c_bz translational sidewall stiffness values

c_bθ rotational sidewall stiffness value

c_cx, c_cy carcass stiffnesses per unit length

c_αι normalized cornering stiffness, axle i

CC_α cornering compliance

C_F lateral force coefficient

C_Fy tire lateral spring stiffness

C_Fz vertical tire stiffness

C_M yaw moment coefficient

CoG center of gravity

C_α cornering stiffness

C_γ camber stiffness

C_κ longitudinal slip stiffness

d vertical tire deflection

df_z deviation from nominal tire load

D_p path deviation

e trailing arm length

f_y normalized ...