Essentials of Molecular Biology

5

Translation

CONCEPT OUTLINE

• Introduction
• Genetic Code
  • Codons

     

• Deciphering the Genetic Code
  • Nirenberg and Khorana experiment

     

• Characteristic Features of the Genetic Code
  • The mitochondrial genetic code

     

• Wobble Hypothesis
  • Codon—anticodon interactions
  • Wobble hypothesis
• Ribosome Structure
  • Prokaryotic ribosome—70S ribosome
  • Self-assembly of ribosomes
  • Eukaryotic ribosome—80S ribosome
• Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes
  • Activation of the amino acids
  • The two classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases
  • Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and proof reading
  • tRNA molecule acts as adaptors
  • The interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and tRNA constitutes a second genetic code
  • Polypeptide synthesis begins at the amino-terminal end
  • The process of translation ...