Introduction
The physical design of the integrated circuit is where the design meets the silicon. Any error here will probably result in the IC not working. Examples of physical design errors include a missing wire connection or wires too close to each other.
After the FE design is synthesized, the boundary-scan registers and other test support features are inserted into the netlist. This is either the last FE step or the first BE step.
In this chapter, we discuss the physical design tools and BE checking tools. The major BE tools are highlighted in Table 7.1.
Let us join Nora again as she questions Larry, a layout designer.
| Larry: | Good to see you again, Nora. |
| Nora: | You also, Larry. I hope you don't mind all my questions. I think I am beginning ... |
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