Environmental Studies

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Title Page
3. Contents
4. About the Author
5. Dedication
6. Preface
7. Core Module Syllabus
8. UNIT I: Definition, Scope and Importance of Environmental Studies
   1. 1.1 Definition, Scope and Importance of Environmental Studies
   2. 1.2 The Need for Public Awareness
   3. 1.3 Environment and its Components
      1. 1.3.1 Segments of the Environment
9. UNIT II: Natural Resources
   1. 2.1 Natural Resources
      1. 2.1.1 Natural Resources and Associated Problems
   2. 2.2 Forest Resources
   3. 2.3 Deforestation
      1. 2.3.1 Timber Extraction
      2. 2.3.2 Dams and their Effects on Forests and Tribal People
   4. 2.4 Water Resources
      1. 2.4.1 Hydrosphere—As a Source of Water on Earth
      2. 2.4.2 Use and Overexploitation of Surface and Groundwater
      3. 2.4.3 Floods
      4. 2.4.4 Drought
      5. 2.4.5 Conflicts over Water
   5. 2.5 Mineral Resources
      1. 2.5.1 Mining
   6. 2.6 Food Resources
      1. 2.6.1 World Food Problems
      2. 2.6.2 Changes Caused by Agriculture and Overgrazing
      3. 2.6.3 Effects of Modern Agriculture
   7. 2.7 Energy Resources
      1. 2.7.1 Growing Energy Needs
      2. 2.7.2 Non-renewable Sources
      3. 2.7.3 Renewable Sources
      4. 2.7.4 Land Resources
10. UNIT III: Ecosystem
    1. 3.1 Concept of Ecosystem
    2. 3.2 Structure and Function of an Ecosystem
       1. 3.2.1 Biotic Component
       2. 3.2.2 Abiotic Components
    3. 3.3 Types of Ecosystem
    4. 3.4 Functional Components of an Ecosystem
       1. 3.4.1 Biodiversity
       2. 3.4.2 Productivity
       3. 3.4.3 Food Chains and Food Webs
       4. 3.4.4 Material Cycling and Energy Flow
       5. 3.4.5 Balance of Nature
       6. 3.4.6 Succession and Evolution of the Ecosystem
    5. 3.5 Different Ecosystems
       1. 3.5.1 Forest Ecosystem
       2. 3.5.2 Grassland Ecosystem
       3. 3.5.3 Desert Ecosystem
       4. 3.5.4 Aquatic Ecosystem
    6. 3.6 Biogeochemical Cycles
11. UNIT IV: Biodiversity and its Conservation
    1. 4.1 Biodiversity and its Conservation
       1. 4.1.1 Introduction
       2. 4.1.2 Biogeographical Classification
       3. 4.1.3 Values of Diversity
       4. 4.1.4 Hotspots in Diversity
    2. 4.2 India—A Megadiversity Nation
       1. 4.2.1 Endangered and Endemic Species of India
       2. 4.2.2 Hotspots of India
    3. 4.3 Threats to Biodiversity
       1. 4.3.1 Degradation of Habitat
       2. 4.3.2 Overexploitation of Resources
       3. 4.3.3 Pollution
       4. 4.3.4 Extinction of Species due to Aggressive Non-native Species
       5. 4.3.5 Global Environmental Change
    4. 4.4 Threats to Indian Biodiversity
       1. 4.4.1 Combating the Problem
       2. 4.4.2 Poaching of Wildlife
       3. 4.4.3 Elephant Poaching and Ivory Trade
    5. 4.5 Man–Wildlife Conflict
    6. 4.6 Conservation of Biodiversity
       1. 4.6.1 In-situ Conservation
       2. 4.6.2 Ex-situ Conservation
    7. 4.7 Bioprospecting and Biopiracy
12. UNIT V: Environmental Pollution
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Air Pollution
       1. 5.2.1 Sources of Air Pollution
       2. 5.2.2 Types of Air Pollutants
       3. 5.2.3 Air Pollution and Biosphere
       4. 5.2.4 Meteorology and Air Pollution
       5. 5.2.5 Air Quality
       6. 5.2.6 Control Measure of Air Pollution
    3. 5.3 Water Pollution
       1. 5.3.1 Types of Water Pollution
       2. 5.3.2 Sources of Water Pollution
    4. 5.4 Soil Pollution
       1. 5.4.1 Mining Activities
       2. 5.4.2 Control of Soil Pollution
    5. 5.5 Noise Pollution and Sound
       1. 5.5.1 Classification of Noise
       2. 5.5.2 Effects of Noise Pollution
       3. 5.5.3 Control of Noise Pollution
    6. 5.6 Thermal Pollution
    7. 5.7 Nuclear Hazards (Radiation Pollution)
       1. 5.7.1 Radiation Pollution
    8. 5.8 Solid Waste Management
    9. 5.9 Pollution Prevention
       1. 5.9.1 Role of Individual in Pollution Prevention
    10. 5.10 Disaster Management
        1. 5.10.1 Floods
        2. 5.10.2 Droughts
        3. 5.10.3 Earthquakes
        4. 5.10.4 Cyclones
        5. 5.10.5 Landslides
        6. 5.10.6 Tsunami
13. UNIT VI: Social Issues and the Environment
    1. 6.1 Elementary Idea on Sustainable Development
       1. 6.1.1 Concept of Sustainable Development
    2. 6.2 Urban Problems Related to Energy
    3. 6.3 Water Conservation
       1. 6.3.1 Rain Water Harvesting
       2. 6.3.2 Watershed Management
    4. 6.4 Wasteland Reclamation
    5. 6.5 Resettlement and Rehabilitation
    6. 6.6 Air Pollution and the Biosphere
       1. 6.6.1 Climate Changes
    7. 6.7 Nuclear Accidents and the Holocaust
    8. 6.8 Consumerism and Waste Products
    9. 6.9 Laws Relating to Environment, Pollution, Forest and Wildlife
    10. 6.10 Environmental Impact Assessment
    11. 6.11 Precautionary Principle
14. UNIT VII: Human Population and the Environment
    1. 7.1 Population Growth Variation among Nations
    2. 7.2 Family Welfare Programme
    3. 7.3 Environment and Human Health
    4. 7.4 HIV/AIDS
    5. 7.5 Woman and Child Welfare
    6. 7.6 Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health
15. UNIT VIII: Field Work
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Experiments
16. Model Question Papers
17. Self Assessment Questions
18. Appendix I
19. Appendix II
20. Appendix III
21. Appendix IV
22. Appendix V
23. Bibliography
24. Glossary
25. Acknowledgments
26. Copyright