Chapter 2
1 SYLVESTOR, James Joseph (1814–1897), English algebraist, combinatorist, geometer, number theorist and poet; cofounder with Cayley of theory of invariants (anticipated to some extent by Boole and Lagrange); spent two periods in the U.S. where he was a stimulant to mathematical research. In 1850, he introduced for the fi rst time the word ‘matrix’, in the sense of ‘the mother of determinants‘.
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