29.5. Cold Tolerance in Cold-Blooded Animals
Ectothermic organisms living in cold climates such as polar, alpine, and temperate, where at various periods of time they are exposed to temperatures below the melting point of their body fluids, have developed a number of biochemical and physiological strategies to survive (Ramløv, 2000). These strategies primarily involve the control of ice formation within the organisms or in such a way that ice formation is avoided in the organisms. Overall, the organisms can be divided into two groups: freeze tolerant and freeze avoiding.
Freeze-tolerant organisms survive crystallization of various amounts of their body fluids. Some insects survive with up to about 85% of their body water frozen (Ramløv and Westh, ...
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