Electrochemical Engineering

List of Symbols

	specific interfacial area, m−1
	activity of species i, unitless
A	area, m2
Ac	cell or electrode area, m2
Ar	Archimedes number, unitless
b	Tafel slope, V per decade
B	Debye constant for solvent, (kg/mol)½ m−1
c	total concentration or salt concentration, mol m−3
c	speed of light, 2.99792 × 108 m s−1
ci	concentration of species i, mol m−3
C	capacitance, F
Cd	differential capacitance, F
CDL	double layer capacitance per unit area, F m−2
Cp	battery capacity offset, unitless
	distance, m
	hydraulic diameter, m
	molecular diffusivity of species i, m2·s−1
E	energy for battery or double layer capacitor, J or W·h
E	elastic modulus, Pa
Ea	activation energy, J/mol
Eg	energy gap, eV
f	frequency, Hz
fi	fugacity of species i, Pa
F	Faraday's constant, 96485 C per equivalent
Fx	component of force, N
	acceleration of gravity, m s−2