6.7. What We Don't Know About Redundancy
Research is needed to determine the situations in which the redundancy principle does not hold—including the kinds of learners, materials, and presentation methods that do not create a redundancy effect:
Kinds of learners—Does adding redundant on-screen text to a narrated graphic not hurt (or even help) non-native speakers or learners with very low prior knowledge?
Kinds of material—Does adding redundant on-screen text to a narrated graphic not hurt (or even help) when the on-screen material is technical terms, equations, or brief headings?
Kinds of presentation methods—Does adding redundant on-screen text to a narrated graphic not hurt (or even help) when the presentation pace is slow, when the presentation ...
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