6.1. Do Not Add On-Screen Text to Narrated Graphics
If you are planning a multimedia program consisting of graphics (such as animation, video, or even static pictures or photos) explained by narration, should you also include on-screen text that duplicates the audio? We explore this question in this section.
Based on research and theory in cognitive psychology, we recommend that you avoid e-learning courses that contain redundant onscreen text presented at the same time as onscreen graphics and narration. Our reason is that learners might pay so much attention to the printed words that they pay less attention to the accompanying graphics. When their eyes are on the printed words, learners cannot be looking at the on-screen graphics. In addition, ...
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