Digital Signal Processing Using Matlab

12.1. Theoretical background

In many classification problems, salient features may be searched and extracted from the time-frequency plane. This process is optimized if the time-frequency representation (TFR) is matched to the processed signal.

For simple signals, the matched TFR may be one of the Cohen's class representations. For more complicated signals the construction of the matched TFR is a difficult problem, since the standard kernels do not preserve some properties required by the optimization procedure.

This chapter deals with some recently proposed approaches for constructing the matched TFR corresponding to a given signal. The optimization procedure aims to cancel the interference terms and to obtain the best time-frequency resolution (in an equivalent manner to the chirp representation with the Wigner-Ville distribution).

12.1.1. Fractional Fourier transform

The a-order fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is defined, for 0<|a|<2, by means of its kernel:

where = aπ/2 and = exp[–j(πsgn()/4–/2)]/|sin()|^0.5.

For a = 0 and a = ±2 the kernel K_a(t_a, t) is defined by K₀(t_a, t) = ...