5.10. Direct Port-Connected Topologies

Buses cannot cleanly support the type of flow-through processing systems commonly implemented using custom-designed logic, shown in Figure 5.11, because buses only permit one I/O transaction at a time. Flow-through processing blocks implemented in custom hardware usually perform input and output operations simultaneously in a pipelined fashion to improve throughput.

Figure 5.11. A flow-through processing block takes in data, processes it, and outputs the result. All three operations can occur simultaneously. Custom-designed hardware blocks often work in this manner but most processors with their bus-based I/O must emulate flow-through operations because their buses only permit one I/O transaction at a time. ...

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