The distribution of a single variable is described by the frequency distribution, and this univariate relationship is further clarified and understood through the use of measures of central tendency and dispersion. Multivariate relationships (those with more than one variable) can be presented through the use of contingency tables, but unlike frequency distributions, descriptive statistics are not adequate to analyze such relationships. Inasmuch as the primary purpose of contingency tables (cross-tabulations) is to depict the relationship between two or more variables, tests of statistical significance and measures of association (analytical statistics) need to be applied to the data to verify the ...
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