Further Reading

Alan Cooper has a good chapter on mental models in his book About Face [Coo95]. Robert Hoekman also covers mental models in Designing the Obvious [Hoe06]. Joel Spolsky’s User Interface Design for Programmers [Spo11] covers mental models from the perspective of a developer.

Jakob Nielsen has written about mental models.[45]

Footnotes

[38]

At http://www.useit.com/alertbox/mental-models.html.

[39]

Clifford Nass writes about research on this topic in The Man Who Lied to His Laptop [NY10].

[40]

The model espoused by the visual representation of the product (its user interface) is sometimes also called the design model, manifest model, or designer’s model.

[41]

The model espoused by the implementation is sometimes also called the ...

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