12.9 Summary
■ Assume that a given statistical process is used to generate a set of data objects. An outlier is a data object that deviates significantly from the rest of the objects, as if it were generated by a different mechanism.
■ Types of outliers include global outliers, contextual outliers, and collective outliers. An object may be more than one type of outlier.
■ Global outliers are the simplest form of outlier and the easiest to detect. A contextual outlier deviates significantly with respect to a specific context of the object (e.g., a Toronto temperature value of 28° C is an outlier if it occurs in the context of winter). A subset of data objects forms a collective outlier if the objects as a whole deviate significantly from the entire ...
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