13 Online Crimes: Cyberharassment, Hate Crimes and Cyberwarfare

Chapter 12 focused on financially related online crimes. This chapter focuses on crimes against individuals, organizations and society more generally. Such crimes – including cyberharassment and cyberattacks – are often motivated by hate. New legislation has been developed in the UK and many other countries to combat these crimes, but the psychological harm experienced by victims is only recently being better understood. Victims of these crimes can experience incredibly detrimental effects. In addition, for some, the fear of becoming a victim of these crimes can be debilitating. Although these crimes can and often do take place in the physical world, this chapter focuses ...

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