Part 1. Arithmetic and Number Theory in C

How necessary arithmetic and the entire art of mathematics are can be easily measured, in that nothing can be created that is not connected with precise number and measurement, and no independent art can exist without its measures and proportions.

—Adam Ries: Book of Calculation, 1574

Typographical rules for manipulating numerals are actually arithmetical rules for operating on numbers.

—D.R. Hofstadter: Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid

The human brain would no longer be burdened with anything that needed to be calculated! Gifted people would again be able to think instead of scribbling numbers.

—Sten Nadolny: The Discovery of Slowness, trans. Ralph Freedman

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