Creative Accounting, Fraud and International Accounting Scandals

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Half Title page
3. Title page
4. Copyright page
5. Dedication
6. List of Contributors
7. Preface
8. Acknowledgements
9. Part A
   1. Chapter 1: Introduction – Setting the Scene
      1. 1.1 Introduction
      2. 1.2 Exploring the Terms
      3. 1.3 Structure of the Book
      4. 1.4 Conclusion
      5. References
   2. Chapter 2: The Creative Accounting and Fraud Environment
      1. 2.1 Introduction
      2. 2.2 The Main Actors
      3. 2.3 Effective Corporate Governance
      4. 2.4 Economic Environment
      5. 2.5 Conclusion
      6. References
   3. Chapter 3: Motivations to Indulge in Creative Accounting and Fraud
      1. 3.1 Introduction
      2. 3.2 Conclusion
      3. References
   4. Chapter 4: Methods of Creative Accounting and Fraud
      1. 4.1 Introduction
      2. 4.2 Basic Principles
      3. 4.3 Nature of Accounting
      4. 4.4 Methods of Creative Accounting
      5. 4.5 Simple Numerical Example
      6. 4.6 Fraud
      7. 4.7 Conclusion
      8. References
   5. Chapter 5: Evidence for Creative Accounting and Fraud
      1. 5.1 Introduction
      2. 5.2 The Descriptive Studies
      3. 5.3 The Statistical Studies
      4. 5.4 Conclusion
      5. References
   6. Chapter 6: Impression Management
      1. 6.1 Introduction
      2. 6.2 Conclusion
      3. References
   7. Chapter 7: Taking the Long View: Accounting Scandals over Time
      1. 7.1 Introduction
      2. 7.2 Conclusion
      3. References
10. Part B
    1. Chapter 8: Accounting Scandals in Australia since the Late 1980s
       1. 8.1 Introduction
       2. 8.2 Overview of Accounting Scandals During and Since the 1890s
       3. 8.3 Case Studies of Accounting Scandals Since the Late 1980s
       4. 8.4 HIH Insurance
       5. 8.5 Corporate Governance Reforms Following the Accounting Scandals of the Early 2000s
       6. 8.6 Conclusion
       7. Acknowledgements
       8. References
    2. Chapter 9: Corporate Accounting Scandals in China
       1. 9.1 Introduction
       2. 9.2 Summary of Corporate Scandals
       3. 9.3 A Case in Depth – Zhengzhou Baiwen
       4. 9.4 Conclusion
       5. References
    3. Chapter 10: Accounting Scandals in Germany
       1. 10.1 Introduction
       2. 10.2 Accounting Scandals Between 1985 and 2006
       3. 10.3 Most Important Cases: Flowtex and Comroad
       4. 10.4 Accounting Scandals and Regulatory Responses
       5. 10.5 Examinations of the German Financial Reporting Enforcement Panel 2005–2006
       6. 10.6 Conclusion
       7. References
    4. Chapter 11: Creative Accounting and Fraud in Greece
       1. 11.1 Introduction
       2. 11.2 Two Accounting Scandals
       3. 11.3 The Bank of Crete Scandal
       4. 11.4 The Aftermath
       5. 11.5 Conclusions
       6. References
    5. Chapter 12: Corporate Creative Accounting in India: Extent and Consequences
       1. 12.1 Introduction
       2. 12.2 Some Examples of Creative Accounting in India
       3. 12.3 Some Important Corporate Cases in India
       4. 12.4 The Satyam Computer Services Ltd Scandal (2009)
       5. 12.5 Aftermath
       6. 12.6 Conclusion
       7. 12.7 Acknowledgements
       8. References
    6. Chapter 13: Creative Accounting and Accounting Scandals in Italy
       1. 13.1 Introduction
       2. 13.2 Creative Accounting Practices in Italy: A Case Study Analysis
       3. 13.3 The Most Important Accounting Fraud in Italy: The Parmalat Case
       4. 13.4 The Aftermath of the Parmalat Scandal and its Impact on Business and Society
       5. 13.5 Conclusion
       6. References
    7. Chapter 14: Creative Accounting and Accounting Scandals in Japan
       1. 14.1 Introduction
       2. 14.2 Accounting Regulations and Standards in Japan
       3. 14.3 Short History of Accounting Scandals Before the 1980s
       4. 14.4 Three Types of Accounting Scandal Post-1980s
       5. 14.5 Consequences of the Accounting Scandals
       6. 14.6 Conclusion
       7. References
    8. Chapter 15: Financial Accounting Scandals in the Netherlands
       1. 15.1 Introduction
       2. 15.2 Some Minor Accounting Scandals
       3. 15.3 Royal Ahold
       4. 15.4 Conclusion
       5. References
    9. Chapter 16: Creative Accounting and Financial Scandals in Spain
       1. 16.1 Introduction
       2. 16.2 Accounting Scandals in Spain Since the 1980s
       3. 16.3 Investments in Stamps: The Latest Series of Financial Scandals in the Country. Afinsa and Fórum Filatélico
       4. 16.4 The Aftermath of the Scandals
       5. 16.5 Conclusion
       6. References
       7. Appendix
    10. Chapter 17: Accounting Scandals in Sweden – A Long Tradition
        1. 17.1 Introduction
        2. 17.2 Fermenta and Prosolvia: Swedish Stock Market Darlings
        3. 17.3 Two Scandals in Multinationals that Dominated the Swedish Media
        4. 17.4 Conclusions
        5. References
    11. Chapter 18: Creative Accounting – The UK Experience
        1. 18.1 Introduction
        2. 18.2 Historical Background
        3. 18.3 Some Recent Accounting Scandals
        4. 18.4 Polly Peck
        5. 18.5 The Immediate Aftermath
        6. 18.6 Subsequent Developments
        7. 18.7 Conclusions
        8. 18.8 Acknowledgements
        9. References
    12. Chapter 19: Creative Accounting and Accounting Scandals in the USA
        1. 19.1 Introduction
        2. 19.2 Scandals Since the 1990s
        3. 19.3 Enron and Worldcom
        4. 19.4 Aftermath of the Scandals
        5. References
    13. Chapter 20: Bank Failures and Accounting During the Financial Crisis of 2008–2009
        1. 20.1 Introduction
        2. 20.2
        3. 20.3 Origins of the ‘Credit Crunch’
        4. 20.4 Financial Instruments Associated with the Credit Crunch
        5. 20.5 Creative Accounting in the Banking Sector
        6. 20.6 Lehman’s, Madoff and Bear Stearns; Failures and Consequences
        7. 20.7 Conclusion
        8. References
11. Part C
    1. Chapter 21: Identifying Some Themes
       1. 21.1 Introduction
       2. 21.2 Some Themes
       3. 21.3 The Major Methods Used
       4. 21.4 Methods of Fraud
       5. 21.5 Incentives for Creative Accounting and Fraud
       6. 21.6 Overstrong Personalities
       7. 21.7 Failure of Internal Controls
       8. 21.8 Failure of External Auditors
       9. 21.9 Conclusion
       10. References
    2. Chapter 22: The Impact of Accounting Scandals and Creative Accounting
       1. 22.1 Introduction
       2. 22.2 Short-Term Immediate Effects
       3. 22.3 Long-Term Effects
       4. 22.4 Cumulative Effects
       5. 22.5 Conclusion
       6. References
    3. Chapter 23: Conclusion – Looking Backwards and Forwards
       1. 23.1 Overview
       2. 23.2 Thematic Analysis
       3. 23.3 Lessons for the Future
       4. 23.4 Prognosis
       5. 23.5 Conclusion
       6. References
12. Appendix 1: Chronological List of Major Instances of Accounting Issues Across 12 Countries and Beyond
13. Appendix 2: Alphabetical List of Most Important Accounting Scandals Across 12 Countries and Beyond since about 1980
14. Index