TRACKING ERROR
Another important difference between the making and replaying of discs is that the pickup stylus as it traverses the record does not follow the same path as the cutting stylus. The cutting stylus is set to move inwards in a straight line along a radius of the disc, whereas the pickup stylus must necessarily be mounted on a pivoted tonearm, and must cross the record in an arc of a circle. The playback stylus is thus not always held at right angles to the groove and the output will vary slightly. This effect is greater for large records, and can be reduced by using a longer pick-up arm.
Fig. 9.15 Tracking distortion can be ...
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