CMOS Voltage References: An Analytical and Practical Perspective

INDEX

Bandgap voltage reference, 71

Widlar, 71

β-multiplier, 77, 170–73

Cascode current mirror, 172

Channel length modulation, 172

Alleviation, 173

Loop gain, 172

Self-bias, 170

Voltage headroom, 171

Voltage reference, 170

BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor), 1–5, 39, 94, 122, 125

A_E (base-emitter voltage), 3

Base-emitter voltage, 3

Base resistance, 122

β (current gain), 2, 122, 125

Collector current, 3

ΔV_BE (differential V_BE), 5

Gummel and Poon model, 1

Layout, 2, 94

Parameter, 39

∂V_BE/∂T (V_BE temperature dependency), 4

Series resistance, 122

Size, 122

BJT free CTAT, 178

Brokaw bandgap voltage reference, 168, 170

Output driving, 170

Supply voltage headroom, 170

Trimming, 170

Channel length modulation, 23, 75, 86, 107, 115, 116, 172, 177, 179–81, 205, 209, 213

β-multiplier, 172

Alleviation, 180

V_GS − ΔV_GS, 180

Alleviation, 180

Widlar current source, 177

Common mode input range, see Operational Amplifier

CTAT (Complementary to absolute temperature), 4, 178, 224

BJT free, 178

Taylor expansion, 224

Current mirror, 86–8, 114–15, 117, 121, 137, 275, 277

Active bias, 88

Cascode, 87, 117, 275, 277

Channel length modulation, 86, 107, 115–16

Alleviation, 116

Drain voltage equalization, 116

Resistor, 116

Mismatch, 111, 114

Output impedance, 87, 117, 121, 137

Simple, 87

Supply voltage headroom, 86

Curvature Compensation, 223

Curvature correction, 223

Curvature error, 74, 79

Device matching, see Layout

Differential pair, see Weighted differential circuit

Differential V_GS, 13, 16

Saturation, ...